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The method of sex identification in birds through DNA is based on the fact that birds of different sex composition having a different sex chromosomes. Males have two identical sex chromosomes (homogametic) and females have two different sex chromosomes - chromosome Z and W chromosomes (heterogametic). During the laboratory process of identifying the sex, you take advantage of the fact that one of two genes present in both chromosomes (gene CHD) have different sizes on chromosome Z and W chromosomes Thus, males and females are easily identified because the result of analysis that takes place is a banding pattern in which males have a single band (corresponding to the gene display CHD in two identical chromosomes), while females have two bands (corresponding to visualization of the CHD gene on a chromosome Z and a W chromosome).
The identification of the sex of birds by DNA analysis, done by taking samples of blood or feathers, is currently the most advantageous and preferred by breeders for birds that do not show sexual dimorphism (no visible morphological differences between males and females). This method has the following advantages:
- There is no need for surgery or anesthesia;
- It applies to birds of any age, at any time of year;
- The birds are not subjected to the stress of transportation;
- It is a reliable and applicable to most species.
